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ื ืžืฆืื• 462 ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ""

  • ืคื•ืจืœ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขื ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื•ืฆืœืคื™ื

    ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืจื—ืช, ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืœืช. ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืชืงืจืจื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ืžื ืฉื•ื‘, ืื– ื”ื ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื. ื›ืš ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื’ื ื”ืคืขื. ืืžื ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื ื” ืžืจืืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื›ืืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื˜ืจื—ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื’ ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื ืงืจืืช ื”ืžื ื” Pesci in acque pazze, ื“ื’ ื‘ืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืคืœื’ื•ืช, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืš. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ืกื•ืข ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ืœื™ ืžื™ื (ื”ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™ ืžื ื” ืžืžืฉ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”). ืฆื™ืจ ื“ื’ื™ื (ืื• ืžื™ื ืขื ืžืœื—) ื™ืขืฉื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืจืง ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื ืœื”ืžืœื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื’ื ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื•ืฆืœืคื™ื, ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื‘ื•ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”ื. ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ืจืš? 2 ื›ืคื•ืช ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช 3-4 ืฉื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ื 1/2-1 ืคืœืคืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ื—ืจื™ืฃ (ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœืคืœ ื•ืœื˜ืขืžื›ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™) 4 ื“ื’ื™ื ืžืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื (ืกื”"ื› 8 ืคื™ืœื˜ื™ื) - ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื’ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ? ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื™ ื™ื, ืื ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืขื ืคื•ืจืœ (ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื) ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ 1/3 ื›ื•ืก ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ 1/3 ื›ื•ืก ืฆื™ืจ ื“ื’ื™ื (ืื• ืžื™ื ืžื•ืžืœื—ื™ื ืžืขื˜) 2-3 ื›ืคื•ืช ืฆืœืคื™ื 2-3 ื›ืคื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื–ื™ืชื™ ืงืœืžื˜ื” ืžื’ื•ืœืขื ื™ื ื—ื•ืคืŸ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ ื—ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื—ืชื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืจื‘ืขื™ื (ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ืŸ) ื—ื•ืคืŸ ืคื˜ืจื•ื–ื™ืœื™ื” ื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? 1. ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืฉื•ื (ืคืจื•ืก ื“ืง ืื• ื›ืชื•ืฉ) ื•ืคืœืคืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืคืจื•ืก ืœื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืื• ื—ืฆืื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื“ืงื™ืงื•ืช). ืžื˜ื’ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืืฉ ืœื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” (ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื•ื ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืจืฃ, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ืงื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื. 2. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ ืœืžื—ื‘ืช, ื›ืฉืฆื“ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”. ืžืžืœื™ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืคืœืคืœื™ื, ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืช ื‘ืžื›ืกื”, ื•ืื—ืจื™ 2 ื“ืงื•ืช ืžื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืฉ. ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ. 3. ื›ืฉื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื - ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืœืžื—ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืจ (ืื• ื”ืžื™ื), ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื, ื”ืฆืœืคื™ื, ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ ื•ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื–ื™ืœื™ื” (ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ืฃ ืžื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื–ื™ืœื™ื” ืœื”ื’ืฉื”). ืื ื™ ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ืก ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืคื›ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืœืžื—ื‘ืช. ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืช, ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืจืชื™ื—ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื 5 ื“ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ืืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช. ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ืกื”, ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื”, ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื 5 ื“ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื™ืฆื˜ืžืฆื. 4. ืžืขื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืคื˜ืจื•ื–ื™ืœื™ื” ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื—ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื’. ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• 8 ืžื ื•ืช (ื›ืœ ืคื™ืœื”, 1/2 ื“ื’, ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”) ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืœืžื ื” ืื—ืช:

  • ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ื–'ืืจ - ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœื•ื—ื•ืช

    ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ, ืœื ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ, ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื™, ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืจื” ื”ืžื”ื•ืœืœืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœื›ืช ื”ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื›ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื”ืจื‘ื•ืš ื‘ืงืคื“ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื“ืงื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืžื“ืงื“ืงืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืื—ืช-ืื—ืช, ืฉื–ื” ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ืกื•ื“ ืœืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช. ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืžืœืื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ, ืื• - ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืžืœื•ื—ื” - ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ืงืฆื•ืฅ. ื•ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™ - ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื“ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืœืื•ืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ืงืฆื•ืฅ. ื—ืœืคื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ืกื‘ืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืืชื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื—ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื•ืขื˜ืช, ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืช-ืื—ืช. ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื’ื ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืืคื™ื™ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืขืช ืงืฆืช ืžื•ื–ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ืคืขื. ื•ื›ืš, ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื“ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื”, ื”ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื˜ื™ืงื™ื, ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ื ื” ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช - ื’ื ืžืชื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืžืœื•ื—ื•ืช. ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื•ืช ืชืžืฆืื• ื›ืืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืฉื ืงืจืื•ืช ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ื–'ืืจ. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื•ืช ืœืžืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ื”ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืงื•ืช ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชื•ืงื•ืช (ื”ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืžืœื™ืช), ื•ื‘ืžืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืกื•ื›ืจ. ืœื ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืกื•ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืง, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื’ื ืžืขื˜ ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ืื ื™ืก (ื˜ืจื™ืง ื™ืฉืŸ ื ื•ืฉืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื“ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื”) - ืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ. ืžื™ ืฉืžืžืฉ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื ื™ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืงื™ืžืœ ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ื–'ืืจ - ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ืจืš? 125 ืž"ืœ (1/2 ื›ื•ืก) ื—ืœื‘ 125 ืž"ืœ (1/2 ื›ื•ืก) ืžื™ื 100 ื’ืจ' ื—ืžืื” 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืขื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืœื— 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ 150 ื’ืจ' ืงืžื— (1 ื›ื•ืก + 1 ื›ืฃ) * 4 ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื L 100-200 ื’ืจ' ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื’ื•ืจืจืช ื“ืง ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื *** ืื ืชื—ืœื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืงืžื— ื‘ืงืžื— ืžืฆื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื‘ ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืงืžื— ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” - ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืžื•ืช ืœืคืกื—. ืจืง ืื•ืžืจืช. ื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? 1. ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืชื ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ื ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ (250 ืžืขืœื•ืช). ืžืจืคื“ื™ื ืฉืชื™ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ืืคื™ื”. 2. ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืกื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘, ื”ืžื™ื, ื”ื—ืžืื” (ื—ืชื•ื›ื” ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช), ื”ืžืœื— ื•ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ. ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืจืชื™ื—ื”. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงืžื—. ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ (ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ืจื™ื™ื) ื‘ื›ืฃ ืขืฅ ืขื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื ืกืคื’ื™ื ื‘ืงืžื— ื•ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฆืง ื›ื“ื•ืจื™, ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื“ื‘ืง ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืกื™ืจ. 3. ืจืง ืื– ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืœืงืขืจืช ืžื™ืงืกืจ ื•ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืฉ (K) ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ืฆืง ืžืชืงืจืจ ืœื˜ืžืค' ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืขืจืš. ื–ื” ื™ืงื— ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช. 4. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ืื—ืช-ืื—ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืื—ืช ื•ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื ื˜ืžืขืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช. ืจืง ืื– ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื›ื "ืœ. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘: ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืื—ืช ืื—ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืกื‘ืจ, ื–ื” ืกื•ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช. 5. ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืง ื–ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืขื ืฆื ื˜ืจ ื—ืœืง ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืŸ. ืžื–ืœืคื™ื ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื (ืื• ืจื•ื–ื˜ื•ืช) ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ 3-4 ืก"ืž ื‘ืขืจืš. ืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืืคื™ื™ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืจื•ื•ื— ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืื. 6. ืืคื™ื” - ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื™ ืงืฆืช ืžื•ื–ืจื”, ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”, ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื”. ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ืฉื™ื ืœืชื ื•ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื ืžืื•ื“ (250 ืžืขืœื•ืช). ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ืืช ื“ืœืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ื•ืžื™ื“ ืžื›ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ืฉืžื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ืžืจ 20 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืœื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืืคื™ื”. ืื—ืจื™ 20 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ, ืืœื ืจืง ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ 180 ืžืขืœื•ืช ื•ืื•ืคื™ื ืขื•ื“ 20 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ 20 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืงืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื“, ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืื•ืคื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช. ืžืฆื ื ื™ื ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ. ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืงืจืจ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš ื‘ืžืงืคื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื” ืื˜ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ (ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื ื‘ืฉืงื™ืช). 7. ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื” (ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืขืจื‘ ืžืจืืฉ) ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžืžืœืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ (ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ื— ื‘ืฉืง ื–ื™ืœื•ืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ื‘ื›ืคื™ืช). ืžืกื“ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื’ืฉ ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจืจ ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื ืฆืžื“ ืขื“ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”. ื‘ืžื” ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช? ื›ื‘ื“ ืงืฆื•ืฅ (ืœื ืœืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช) ืกืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื - ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืžื’ืจืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืฆืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ืงืฆื•ืฅ, ืžืœื—, ืคืœืคืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืงืฆืช ืžื™ื•ื ื– ืกืœื˜ ื˜ื•ื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ - ืขื ื˜ื•ื ื”, ืžืœืคืคื•ืŸ ื—ืžื•ืฅ ื—ืชื•ืš ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื–ื™ืชื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ื, ืงืฆืช ืคืœืคืœ ืื“ื•ื ืงืœื•ื™ ื•ืงืฆื•ืฅ, ืžืœื—, ืคืœืคืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื•ื ื–. ืกืœื˜ ื˜ื•ื ื” ื˜ื•ื ื™ืกืื™ - ืขื ื˜ื•ื ื”, ืชืคื•"ื ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ื•ื—ืชื•ืš ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืžืœืคืคื•ืŸ ื—ืžื•ืฅ ื—ืชื•ืš ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื–ื™ืชื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ื, ืžืžืจื— ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืื• ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืงืฆื•ืฅ ื“ืง ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืืจื™ืกื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช (ื•ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืžืื•ื“) ืขืœ ืžืžืจื— ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืืจื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื”ืฉื“ื”, ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื–ื™ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™. ืžืžืจื— ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช - ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœืžืžืจื— ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืชืžืฆืื• ื›ืืŸ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื™ื–ื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืฆืœ ื™ืจื•ืง, ืขืฉื‘ื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื–ื™ืชื™ื ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ื, ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื. ื’ื•ื•ืืงืžื•ืœื™ ืื• ืกืœื˜ ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื• ืคื˜ื” ืกืœืžื•ืŸ ืื• ื›ืœ ืžืžืจื— ืื—ืจ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื. ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื (ืœืœื ื”ืžื™ืœื•ื™, ืขื 100 ื’ืจ' ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” 32%) ืžื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื›-32 ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืคื—ื–ื ื™ืช ืื—ืช -

  • ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ืขื ืžืœื•ืŸ

    ื”ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื™ื ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ื’ื ื”ื ืงื ื™ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื - ื”ืžื•ืจื˜ื“ืœื”, ื”ืกืœืืžื™ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™, ื”ื‘ืจืกืื•ืœื”, ื”ืคื ืฆ'ื˜ื” ื•ื”ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื•, ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื”ืœื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ืชืจ. ื”ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืฉื•ืง ื—ื–ื™ืจ (ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื’ื ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ื‘ืงืจ) ืžืขื•ืฉื ืช, ืžืฉื•ืžืจืช (Cruddo) ืื• ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœืช (Cotto). ื”ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื•, ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืจืžื–ืŸ, ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืคืจืžื”, ืฉื ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ื“ื™ ืคืจืžื” ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืชืงืชืง ืžืขื˜. ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ื˜ื•ืกืงื ื™, ืžื•ืžืœื—, ื•ื’ื ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ืกืืŸ ื“ื ื™ืืœื” ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื - ืฆื‘ืขื• ื›ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื˜ืขืžื• ืืจื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืคืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ืœืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ื“ืงื™ืงื•ืช ื›ื ื™ื™ืจ. ืžื ืช ื”ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื, ืœืœื ืกืคืง, ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ืขื ืžืœื•ืŸ. ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื ืฆื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืžื™ื• ื”ืžืขื•ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืžืœื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืงืชืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื›ื ื”... ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• - ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื: ืคืจื•ืฉื˜ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ - ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื•ืžืชื•ืง. ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืžืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ื•ืžืชื•ืง? ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืจื—ื™ื - ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ื—ื•. ืœืžืœื•ืŸ ืจืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ืžืœื•ื ื™ ืžืชืงืชืง. ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ืจื™ื— - ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื ืจื™ื—ื• ืื™ื ื• ื ืขื™ื - ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื–ืžื ื•. ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ - ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืงืฅ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ (ื”ืขื ืฃ ืืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ื—). ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืš, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™. ืงืฉื” = ืœื ื‘ืฉืœ. ืจืš ืžื“ื™ = ืขื‘ืจ ื–ืžื ื•... ืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื‘ืฉื™ืœ - ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงืจืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”. ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ืจืš? 1 ืžืœื•ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื•ืžืชื•ืง (ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™) 150 ื’ืจ' ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืคืจื•ืก ื“ืง ื›ื ื™ื™ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ืžืขื˜ ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื‘ืœืกืžื™ ื›ืžื” ืขืœื™ ื ืขื ืข ืœืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ื• ื•ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ืžื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื. ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืฃ ืคืจื™ื–ื™ืืŸ ืงื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื™ืŸื ื‘ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ื’ืฉื”. ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืœืช ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ืœืื•ืจื›ืŸ, ื•ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ืจืฆื•ืขื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืฆืžื”. ืžื ื—ื™ื ืืช ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ืžืงืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื˜ื™ ืขืœื™ ื ืขื ืข. ืžื–ืœืคื™ื ืžืขืœ ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื•ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื‘ืœืกืžื™ ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื. ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื” ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช: ืคืœื— ืฉืœ ืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœื™ื•/ืœืฆื™ื“ื• ืคืจื•ืกืช ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• (ื™ืชืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช) ืฉื™ืคื•ื“ ืฉืœ 2-3 ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืขื˜ื•ืคื” ื‘ืคืจื•ืกืช ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื•. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืขื ืžืœื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืง ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื—ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืคื™ ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 500 ื’ืจ' ืžืœื•ืŸ (ืœืœื ืงืœื™ืคื” ื•ืœืœื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื) + 150 ื’ืจ' ืคืจื•ืฉื•ื˜ื• ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื•ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื‘ืœืกืžื™ - ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืคื™ืช ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื—ื™ืœืงืชื™ ืœ-8 ืžื ื•ืช: ืžื ื” = 73.1 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช, 3.2 ื’ืจ' ืฉื•ืžืŸ, 5.8 ื’ืจ' ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, 5.2 ื’ืจ' ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, 14.8 ืž"ื’ ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, 0ืฅ1 ื’ืจ' ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื.

  • ืคื•ืจืœ ื•ืืกืคืจื’ื•ืก ื‘ืžืขื˜ืคืช

    ื”ืคื•ืจืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ื’ ืฉืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ืื’ืžื™ ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื•ืงืจื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื—ื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ื–ืจื (ื›ืžื• ื”ืกืœืžื•ืŸ), ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืืฆืœื™ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื“ืช ื”ื ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข ืงืกื•ืžื•ืช... ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื ื—ืœ ื”ื“ืŸ (ื•ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืžื™ ื”ื ื—ืœ). ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื• ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ืžื™ืžื“ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจืœ ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื•. ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืชืžืฆืื• ืคื•ืจืœ ื•ืจื•ื“ ื•ืคื•ืจืœ ืœื‘ืŸ. ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ื“ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืงืจ ื•ื˜ืขืžื™ื• ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกืœืžื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื ื•. ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื•ืจืœ ื•ื•ืจื•ื“ ืคืจืกืžืชื™ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืจืœ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืคื•ืจืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื - ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื˜ืขื ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืžื ื™, ื•ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉื ืจืชืข ื‘ื“"ื› ืžืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื•. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืคืชื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืคื™ืœื”. ืคื•ืจืœ ื•ืืกืคืจื’ื•ืก ื‘ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ืจืš? 4 ื“ื’ื™ ืคื•ืจืœ ืžืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื (ืกื”"ื› 8 ื ืชื—ื™ ืคื™ืœื”) ืฆืจื•ืจ ืืกืคืจื’ื•ืก - ืงื•ื˜ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืฆืจื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืจื•ื˜ื‘ 50 ื’ืจ' ื—ืžืื” 1/4 ื›ื•ืก ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ 1/4 ื›ื•ืก ืžื™ืฅ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ืกื—ื•ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ ื’ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ื—ืจื“ืœ 1-2 ืฉื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ื ื›ืชื•ืฉ (1/2 ื›ืคื™ืช) ืžืœื— ืœืžืขื˜ืคืช 4 ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ืืคื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืœ-2 ื—ื•ื˜ ืฉืคื’ื˜ ื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? 1. ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘: ืžืžื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืžืื” ื‘ืงืขืจืช ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ืงื˜ื ื”, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืื ื”ื—ืžืื” ืžืชืงืจืจืช ื•ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ื•ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื ืจืื” ืžืคื•ืจืง - ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืœื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ืฉื•ื‘. 2. ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื 1/2 ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืจ ืืคื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืคื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื’. ืขืœ ื”ื“ื’ ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื 1 ื›ืฃ ืžืจื•ื˜ื‘ + ืขื ืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืขืœ 3 ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœื™ ืืกืคืจื’ื•ืก ื•ืžืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื ืฃ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ืžืงืคืœื™ื ืืช ืฉื•ืœื™ ื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ืืคื™ื™ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ื“ื’ ื•ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช. ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขื˜ืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืืคื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ. ืืช ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื’ืฉื”. 3. ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืชื ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” (200 ืžืขืœื•ืช). ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื’ ื‘ืžืฉืš 12 ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“. ื ื”ื“ืจื ืขื ืคื•ืœื ื˜ื”, ืจื™ื–ื•ื˜ื• ืื• ื ื™ื•ืงื™ ืงื•ืจืขื™ื ืืช ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืจื•ื˜ื‘, ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืžืขื“ืŸ ืžืœื›ื™ื. ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื (ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœ-8 ืžื ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘): ืœื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื”ื’ืฉื”. ื”ื“ื’ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื–ื•.

  • ืกืœื˜ ื™ืจื•ืง ืขื ืชืื ื™ื, ืกื ื˜ ืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื•ื– ื‘ื•ื™ื ื™ื’ืจื˜ ืฉื•ืžืจ

    ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ, ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื›ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืžื”ืžืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•, ื•ืืช ื–ื” - ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช - ื’ื ื”ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ืช ื•ื’ื ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืื” ืœื ื™ืงื—ื• ืžืืชื ื•. ื‘ืจืืฉ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™, ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืœื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื, ื”ืชืื ื™ื. ื”ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžื“ืฃ ื”ืงืฆืจื™ื (ืฉืœื ืœืืžืจ ืงืฆืจืฆืจื™ื) ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืื ื™ื ื ืงื˜ืคื•ืช ืžื”ืขืฅ ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช, ืชืื ื” ืฉื ืงื˜ืคืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื“ื™ - ืœื ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ! ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ื ื” ืชืื ื™ื (ื•ืื ื™ ืงื•ื ื”!) ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื ืฉื ืฉ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืืชื™ ืื ื™ ื“ื•ืื’ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืชื•ืš ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื-ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื’ื’ ื’ื ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืื• ืืคื™ื”, ื•ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืœืกื™ืœื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ ืชืื ื™ื, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื ื›ืืŸ. ื•ื”ื™ื•ื, ื’ืจืกื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืกืœื˜ ื™ืจื•ืง ืขื ืชืื ื™ื, ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืžืจ, ืขื ืงืจื™ืฆื” ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื-ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืก ืฉืœ ืชืื ื™ื ื•ืขืจืง. ืกืœื˜ ื™ืจื•ืง ืขื ืชืื ื™ื, ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืกื ื˜ ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื ื™ื’ืจื˜ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ืจืš? ืœื‘ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ืกื” (ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉื ืžื›ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืืจื–, ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื”) 1/2 ืจืืฉ ื—ืกื” ืกืœื ื•ื‘ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื” 1/2 ืจืืฉ ื—ืกื” ืกืœื ื•ื‘ื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื—ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืฆืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ื—ืชื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ 1/2-1 ืก"ืž. 6-8 ืชืื ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช 1 ื’ืœื™ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืกื ื˜ ืžื•ืจ ื—ื•ืคืŸ ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืœื•ื– ืงืœื•ื™ื™ื (ืืคืฉืจ ืžื•ืžืœื—ื™ื ืงืœื•ืช) ืื•ืคืฆื™ื”: 1/2 ืจืืฉ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืคืจื•ืก ื“ืง ืžืื•ื“. ืœื ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืžืจ - ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช. ืœืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื•ื™ื ื™ื’ืจื˜-ืฉื•ืžืจ: 1/4 ื›ื•ืก ืฉืžืŸ (ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืœื ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช) 1/4 ื›ื•ืก ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช 1/4 ื›ื•ืก ืžื™ืฅ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ืกื—ื•ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ 1/4 ื›ื•ืก ืžื™ืฅ ืชืคื•ื–ื™ื ืกื—ื•ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ 1 ื›ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืฅ ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื 1 ื›ืฃ ื“ื‘ืฉ 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ืฉื•ื ื›ืชื•ืฉ 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ื—ืจื“ืœ 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื” ืžืœื— 1/2 ื›ืคื™ืช ืคืœืคืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื’ืจื•ืก 1/2 ื›ืคื™ืช ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ืฉื•ืžืจ ื›ืชื•ืฉื™ื ืžืขื˜ (ืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืŸ!) ื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? 1. ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘: ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื ืฆื ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ืžื ืขืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ื–ื”ื•, ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืžื•ื›ืŸ. ืœืกืœื˜ ื ืฆื˜ืจืš 1/3 ืขื“ 1/2 ืžื”ื›ืžื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื•ื™ื ื™ื’ืจื˜ ื—ื™ื™ ืžื“ืฃ ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื ืฆื ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื (ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช) ืœืกืœื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. 2. ืคื•ืจืกื™ื ืืช ืœื‘ ื”ื—ืกื” ืœืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ 3-4 ืก"ืž (ืœื ื“ืง ืžื“ื™) ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืงืขืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืขืœื™ ืกืœื ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฆืœ ื™ืจื•ืง (ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืฆืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ืœื”ื’ืฉื”), ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื. 3. ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืœ-3 ืคืœื—ื™ื. 4. ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœืื•ืจื›ื• ื•ืคื•ืจืกื™ื ืœื—ืฆืื™ ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ 1-2 ืก"ืž. 5. ืืช ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืœื•ื– ืžืฉืคืฉืคื™ื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื’ื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžื”ื ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ื“ืงื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืงื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื’ืก ืžืื•ื“ (ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฆืื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš). 6. ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœืงืขืจืช ื”ื’ืฉื” ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืกื“ืจื™ื ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืคืœื—ื™ ื”ืชืื ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื™ืชืจืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืชืื ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”. ืžืคื–ืจื™ื ืžืขืœ ืืช ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืœื•ื– ื”ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืžืขื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืฆืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ืฉืฉืžืจื ื• ื‘ืฆื“. 7. ืื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืœื˜ ืžื™ื“ ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืคื™ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ืกื•ืคื’ ื•ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื ืฆืžื“ (ื–ื” ื˜ื™ืค ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกืœื˜ ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื). ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื” - ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื 1/3 ืžื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš... 7. ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื, ืžืชืขืœืคื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื, ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื›ืœ. ื”ืกืœื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืžืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื“ ืœื‘ื•ืงืจ ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืจืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืชืื ื™ื... ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื (ื›ื•ืœืœ 1/3 ืžื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘)

  • ืกืคืจื™ื ื’ ืจื•ืœ

    ื“ืคื™ ืื•ืจื– ื”ื ื˜ืจื ื“ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื›ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœื‘ืฆืง. ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืžื”ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ - ื‘ื•ืจืงืก, ื–ื™ื•ื•ื”, ืžืœืื•ื•ื—, ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ื•ืกืžื•ืกื” ืžื“ืคื™ ืื•ืจื–. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœืžื”? ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœ-100 ื’ืจ' ื“ืคื™ ืื•ืจื– ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืคื—ืžื™ืžื” ืื—ืจืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื“ืงื™ื ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ืกืจื™ ืžืฉืงืœ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื ื™ื—ื”. ื“ืฃ ืื•ืจื– ืื—ื“ ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ 22 ืก"ืž ืฉื•ืงืœ ื›-8 ื’ืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-30 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ, ื•ื–ื” ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงืกื. ื•ืžื ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื”? ืžื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืืกื™ืืชื™, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืกื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื ืื, ื•ืงื•ืจื™ืื”. ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ืœื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืคื™ ืื•ืจื– ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืจื– ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืงื” (ืงืžื— ืื•ืจื–), ืฉืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื, ืžืœื— ื•ืžืขื˜ ืขืžื™ืœืŸ ื˜ืคื™ื•ืงื” (ืœืžืจืงื ื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ). ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื•ืง, ืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืื•ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืชืœื™ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืคื™ ื”ืื•ืจื– ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื•ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื” ืœื›ื ื“ืคื™ ืื•ืจื– ืœื’ืœื’ื•ืœ. ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืคื™ ืื•ืจื– ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช: https://web.archive.org/web/20110714164948/http://www.cracker1.netfirms.com/ ื“ืคื™ ื”ืื•ืจื– ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื ื• ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื™ืจื™ืขืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื“ืงื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืจื™ื›ื•ืš, ื•ืื– ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ืชื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช - ืœืžืœื, ื•ืœื’ืœื’ืœ. ืกืคืจื™ื ื’ ืจื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื‘ืŸ ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ื“ื™ื-ืกืื. ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžื“ืคื™ ืื•ืจื– ืžื’ื•ืœื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืžืœื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืกื•ื’ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช. ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœื•ืช; ืขื ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ืŸ; ืขื ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื‘ืฉืจ, ืขื•ืฃ, ื“ื’ื™ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื ืื• ื˜ื•ืคื•. ื”ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืจื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื (RAW) ืื• ืžืื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื˜ื•ื’ืŸ. ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืงื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ื”ืงืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื ื’ ืจื•ืœ ื ื ืžืžื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื (ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื’ื ืคืจืฉ ืจื•ืœ) ืฉืฉื“ืจื’ืชื™ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื•. ื”ื’ืฉืชื™ ืขื ืฉื ื™ ืจื˜ื‘ื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื - ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืคื•ื ื–ื•, ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขื ืกื•ื™ื” ื•ืžื™ืฅ ื”ื“ืจื™ื, ื•ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื—ืžืืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื. ืกืคืจื™ื ื’ ืจื•ืœ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื• ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ืจืš? 16 ื“ืคื™ ืื•ืจื– 2 ื—ื•ืคื ื™ื ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืกื’ื•ืœ 2 ื’ื–ืจื™ื 2 ืžืœืคืคื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืคืŸ ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืกื™ื ื™ื™ื 2 ื›ืคื•ืช ื‘ืฆืœ ื™ืจื•ืง 1-2 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื• ื‘ืฉืœ 1 ืคืœืคืœ ืื“ื•ื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ืกื‘ืจื” ืžืขื˜ ืขืœื™ ื ืขื ืข ืœื”ื’ืฉื” - 16 ืขืœื™ ื—ืกื” ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžืฉืจื” 1 ื›ืฃ ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื“ื’ื™ื 1 ื›ืฃ ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืฆ'ื™ืœื™ ืžืชื•ืง 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ืฉืžืŸ ืฉื•ืžืฉื•ื 1-2 ื›ืคื•ืช ืžื™ืฅ ืœื™ื™ื ืกื—ื•ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ 1 ื›ืฃ ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืกื•ื™ื” 2-3 ืฉื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื’'ื™ื ื’'ืจ ื˜ืจื™ ื•ืžืงื•ืœืฃ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื–ื”ื” ืœืฉื•ื ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืคื•ื ื–ื• 2/3 ื›ื•ืก ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืกื•ื™ื” 1/3 ื›ื•ืก ืžื™ืฅ ืœื™ื™ื 1 ื›ืฃ ืžื™ืจื™ืŸ 1 ืฆ'ื™ืœื™ ืื“ื•ื ืคืจื•ืก ืœืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื“ืงื™ืงื•ืช 1/2 ื›ืคื™ืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ื’'ื™ื ื’'ืจ ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ื ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื 1/3 ื›ื•ืก ื—ืžืืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื 1 ื›ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืฅ ืื•ืจื– 2 ื›ืคื•ืช ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืกื•ื™ื” 1 ื›ืฃ ืกื™ืจื•ืค ืžื™ื™ืคืœ 1 ื›ืฃ ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืฆ'ื™ืœื™ ืžืชื•ืง 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ืฉืžืŸ ืฉื•ืžืฉื•ื 1/2 ื›ืคื™ืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ื’'ื™ื ื’'ืจ ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ื 2-3 ื›ืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ืœื“ื™ืœื•ืœ ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ืžืฉื•ื ืœืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ (ืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื”) ื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? 1. ื‘ืงืขืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืกื’ื•ืœ ื•ืืช ื”ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื. 2. ืืช ื”ื’ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืœืคืคื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ืžื ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื” ืœืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื“ืงื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืื•ืชื” ืงืขืจื”. 3. ืงื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื’ื ืื•ืชื•. 4. ื‘ืงืขืจื™ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื”, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืงืขืจื” ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ื–ื• ื”ืžืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•. 5. ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื•, ืžื’ืœืขื ื™ื, ืžืงืœืคื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ 1-2 ืก"ืž (ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช 16 ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช). 6. ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืคืœืคืœ ื”ืื“ื•ื ืœืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช. ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ 16 ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืืจ ืงื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืžืœื™ืช. 7. ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ืคื™ ื”ืื•ืจื–: ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื 2 ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ื‘ืื—ืช ืื ื™ ืžืžืœืื” ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ืžื™ื-ืคื•ืฉืจื™ื (ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 1-2 ืก"ืž ื™ืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜) ืœื”ืจื˜ื‘ืช ื“ืคื™ ื”ืื•ืจื–, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืชืฉืžืฉ ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืžืฉื˜ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืฃ ืื•ืจื– ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื, ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”. ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘-1/3 ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ 3-4 ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ืกื‘ืจื” ื•ื ืขื ืข, ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื”ืžืœื™ืช, ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื• ื•ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืคืœืคืœ ืื“ื•ื. ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ื. ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืžื™ื, ืžืžืœืื™ื ื•ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœืื” ืขื“ ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช. ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• 16 ืจื•ืœื™ื. ืื™ืš ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืกืคืจื™ื ื’ ืจื•ืœ? ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืื• ืขืœื™ ื’ืคืŸ. ืžืงืคืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื™ืช, ืžืงืคืœื™ื ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืžืืœ, ืžื”ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ื. ืื• ืœื”ื™ืคืš: ืงื•ื“ื ืžืงืคืœื™ื ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืื– ืžื”ื“ืงื™ื ื•ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ื. ื”ื ื” ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื’ืžื” (ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช ื”ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื–ื”ื”): 8. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจืจ ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื” ืกื’ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื™ืขืช ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘: ื“ืคื™ ื”ืื•ืจื–, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืจื˜ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืงืจืข, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืื ืžืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืชืงืœื•ืช (ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื ืืชื ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ!) ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ื‘ื—ื•ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื›ืœ ืจื•ืœ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฆืข ืฉืœ ืขืœื” ื—ืกื” ืจืขื ืŸ. ื’ื ื™ืคื” ื•ื’ื ืคื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื”. ืื ื™ ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื”ืคืขื, ื•... ื—ื‘ืœ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ื‘ืœ... ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื’ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช, ืื– ืฉื™ืžื• ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืกื” ื•ืชืžื ืขื• ืžืขืฆืžื›ื ืขื’ืžืช ื ืคืฉ ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช. 10. ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจื˜ื‘ื™ื: ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“. ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื ืฆื ื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื“ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”. 11. ืœื”ื’ืฉื”: ืžืกื“ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื’ ืจื•ืœ ืขื ืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื—ืกื” ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ืžื’ืฉ ืื• ืงืขืจืช ื”ื’ืฉื” ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ืœืฆื™ื“ื ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘. ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืืจื•ื—ื” ืงื™ืฆื™ืช ืงืœื” ื•ืฉื•ืคืขืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.

  • ืกื•ืจื‘ื” ืชื•ืช ื•ืกื•ืจื‘ื” ื ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื”

    ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• (ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™...) ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืกื•ืจื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืงืœื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื”. ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืงืจื— - ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš. ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” (ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช) ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืจื‘ื” ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื•ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื™ื ื•ื— ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื›ื ื”, ื•ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืžื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ืžืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื (ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื - ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืกื•ืจื‘ื”), ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ (ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืงืคืื”). ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ, ื’ื ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื’ืœื™ื“ื” (ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš). ืื ื™ ืงื ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื’ืœื™ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขื ืžื ื•ืข ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื”. ื”ืฉืงืขื” - ืžืžืฉ (2,500 ืฉ"ื—); ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื, ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ (1/2 ืžื“ืฃ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ); ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื”!!! ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื›ื“ืื™, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื›ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื’ืœื™ื“ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžืจืงื™ืขื™ื ืฉื—ืงื™ื. ืฆ'ื™ืง ืฆ'ืง ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”. ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื›ืืŸ 2 ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœ-2 ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ืจื‘ื”. ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื ืคืจื“, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื•ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ืชืจืื• ื›ืžื” ื™ืคื” ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ืฉื”... ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ืจืš? ืœืกื•ืจื‘ื” ืชื•ืช 400-450 ื’ืจ' ืชื•ืชื™ื (ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื ื˜ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืขืœื™ื) 150 ื’ืจ' ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื™ืฅ ืžืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ 2 ื›ืคื•ืช ืกื™ืจื•ืค ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืœื™ืงืจ ืชื•ืช/ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ื ื™ื/ื‘ืจื ื“ื™/ืจื•ื ืœืกื•ืจื‘ื” ื ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื” 400-450 ื’ืจ' ื ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ (ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื ื˜ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื’ื™ืœืขื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงืœืฃ) 150 ื’ืจ' ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื™ืฅ ืžืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ 2 ื›ืคื•ืช ื‘ืจื ื“ื™/ืœื™ืงืจ ืืคืจืกืงื™ื/ืœื™ืงืจ ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ื ื™ื/ืœื™ืงืจ ืคื˜ืœ/ืจื•ื ***ื”ืกื™ืจื•ืค ื•ื”ืœื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœืžืจืงื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืจื‘ื” ื•ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืžื ื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื’ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉืžืžืฉ ืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ื‘ื ื™ื ื’'ื” ืื• ืžืขื‘ื“ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืœื ื“ืจ ืžื•ื˜ ืžืจืกืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžื—ื™ืช ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ื™ื“ื”. ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœืงืขืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื’ืœื™ื“ื” ืขื ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื. ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจื”, ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื ืคื— ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืจืงื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืจื‘ื”. ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืกื” ืื ืžื›ืกื” ืฉื ืื˜ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ (ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื ืฆืžื“) ื•ืžืงืคื™ืื™ื. ื”ื’ืฉื” ืงื•ืจืฆื™ื ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืฃ ื’ืœื™ื“ื”, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื”. ืื ื”ืกื•ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืžืงืคื™ื ืงืคื•ื ืื‘ืŸ - ืœื ืœื”ื™ื‘ื”ืœ. ืœื”ืคืฉื™ืจ 5-10 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืžืค' ื”ื—ื“ืจ, ื•ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” - ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช ืกื™ืจื•ืค ืื• ืœื™ืงืจ (ืฉืžืจื›ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืงืคืื”). ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื’ืœื™ื“ื” ืื• ืœื? ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื’ืœื™ื“ื”, ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืคืขื•ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืื ืื™ืŸ - ืืœ ืชื•ื•ืชืจื•, ื›ืืŸ ืชืžืฆืื• ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืกื•ืจื‘ื” ืœืœื ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื’ืœื™ื“ื”. ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงืฆืช ืืจื•ืš (ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื-ืฉืœื•ืฉ), ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืกื•ื‘ืš, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืฉืชืœืžืช. ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืกื•ืจื‘ื” ืชื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ 50 ื’ืจ' - 71.3 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช, 0.2 ื’ืจ' ืฉื•ืžืŸ, 0.3 ื’ืจ' ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, 16.2 ื’ืจ' ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, 0 ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, 0.2 ืž"ื’ ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื. ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืกื•ืจื‘ื” ื ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ 50 ื’ืจ' - 78.4 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช, 0.2 ื’ืจ' ืฉื•ืžืŸ, 0.4 ื’ืจ' ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, 17.9 ื’ืจ' ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, 0 ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, 0.2 ืž"ื’ ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื.

  • ืกืœื˜ ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™ ื•ื‘ื˜ื˜ื”

    ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ืกืœื˜ ืžืžืฉ ืื—ืจ, ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืกืœื˜ ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื”. ืื– ื›ืฉื˜ืขืžืชื™ ืืช ืกืœื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืื™ืชื™ ื”ืœืื”, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื”. ื’ื ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื’ื ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™, ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื™ืจืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช, ืžื” ืื•ืžืจ ื•ืžื” ืื’ื™ื“, ื‘ืืžืช ืกืœื˜ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืœื™ื‘ื™. ืกืœื˜ ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™ ื•ื‘ื˜ื˜ื” ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ืจืš? 1/2 ืจืืฉ ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” (ื›-400 ื’ืจ' ื ื˜ื•) 1 ืจืืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™ (ื›-300 ื’ืจ' ื ื˜ื•) 2 ื‘ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช 1/2 ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ืกื” (ืžื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉื ืžื›ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื™ื–ื”, ื›-200 ื’ืจ' ื ื˜ื•) ื—ื•ืคืŸ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืฆืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ืงืฆื•ืฅ (ื›-50 ื’ืจ') ื—ื•ืคืŸ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื•ื–ื™ืœื™ื” ืงืฆื•ืฆื” (ื›-50 ื’ืจ') ื—ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืขื ืข ืงืฆื•ืฆื” (ื›-50 ื’ืจ') ื—ื•ืคืŸ ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืคืงืืŸ ืื• ืฉืงื“ื™ื - ืงืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื’ืก ืžืื•ื“ (ื›-50 ื’ืจ') * ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ืขืจืš, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืจื•ื˜ื‘: 1/4 ื›ื•ืก ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช 1/4 ื›ื•ืก ืžื™ืฅ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ืกื—ื•ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื” ืžืœื— 1/2 ื›ืคื™ืช ืคืœืคืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื’ืจื•ืก 1 ื›ืฃ ื—ืจื“ืœ 1 ื›ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื‘ืœืกืžื™ 1-2 ื›ืคื•ืช ืกื™ืœืืŸ ืื• ืžื™ื™ืคืœ ืื• ื“ื‘ืฉ ื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชืŸ ืขื ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ืœืชื ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ (180 ืžืขืœื•ืช) ื•ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืขื“ ืœืจื™ื›ื•ืš (15-20 ื“ืงื•ืช, ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื˜ื”). ืžืฆื ื ื™ื. ืžืงืœืคื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™ ืœืคืจื—ื™ื (ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืœืฆื™ืจ ื™ืจืงื•ืช), ื—ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื›-5 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืจ ืขื ืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืœ. ืžืฆื ื ื™ื. ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ืช ืœืคืจื—ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœืงืขืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” (ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ ืื• ืœื‘ืฉืœ). ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืกื” ืœืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืงืขืจื” ืขื ื”ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืงืขืจื” ื’ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืจืง ื”ืงืฆื•ืฅ ื•ืืช ื”ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื/ืฉืงื“ื™ื. ื›ืขืช ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื˜ื” ื•ืคืจื—ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™ ืฉื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ื ืŸ. ืžืฉืงืฉืงื™ื ื‘ืฆื ืฆื ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘. ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืœื˜ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”-ืฉืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”. ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื (ืœ-100 ื’ืจ' ืกืœื˜) 102.5 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช, 5.9 ื’ืจ' ืฉื•ืžืŸ, 2.8 ื’ืจ' ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, 9.6 ื’ืจ' ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, 0 ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, 1.0 ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื.

  • ืขื•ื’ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื’'ื ื“ื•ื™ื” ื•ืœื•ื– ืžืคื™ื™ืžื•ื ื˜ื”

    ืคื™ื™ืžื•ื ื˜ื” (Piemonte) ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืžืจื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ื•ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื•ืžื•ืงืฃ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืฆื“ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืจื™ ื”ืืœืคื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ื–ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื”ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืจืฆ'ื™ื ื™, ืื•ืจื– (ืจื™ื–ื•ื˜ื• ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ), ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื—ืžืื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื - ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืœื•ื–. ื•ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืœื•ื– ืฆืžื—ื” ื‘ืคื™ื™ืžื•ื ื˜ื” ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช, ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื - ื”ืœื ื”ื™ื ืคืจืจื•. ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžืžืจื— ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื™ื™ื˜ืจื• ืคืจืจื• ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืœื•ื– ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืงืงืื• ื”ื™ืงืจ... ืœืฆื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžืžืจื— ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื” ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจืจื• ืจื•ืฉื” ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืชืงื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื (ืงื™ื ื“ืจ, ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืง, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“). ืื’ื‘, ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืœื•ื– ืฉืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื™ืžื•ื ื˜ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืืช ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืขื ืง, ืฉืฆื•ืจืš ืจื‘ืข (ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช!) ืžื›ืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืœื•ื– ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืคืจืจื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืœื•ื–. ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื ืคื•ืœื™ืื•ืŸ (1796-1814) ื”ื•ืžืฆื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื• (ื‘ื™ืจืช ืžื—ื•ื– ืคื™ื™ืžื•ื ื˜ื”) ื”-ื’'ื ื“ื•ื™ื” (ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช: Gianduja) - ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•-30% ืžืžืจื— ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืœื•ื–. ื”ื’'ื ื“ื•ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื—ืœื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืœื•ื–, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื•ืขืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ ืœื•ื–. ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื‘ืืจืฅ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื’'ื ื“ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืžื—ื•ืช ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืคืจ, ื—ืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืคืจื” ื’'ื ื“ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ืช. ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื ืชืงืœืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื” - ืื ื™ ืงื•ื ื” ืžื™ื“ 3 ื—ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืœื•ื– ืงืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื’ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื’'ื ื“ื•ื™ื” ืขื ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืœื•ื–, ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืžื•ื ื˜ื”. ืขื•ื’ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื’'ื ื“ื•ื™ื” ื•ืœื•ื– ืžืคื™ื™ืžื•ื ื˜ื” ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ืจืš? 100 ื’ืจ' ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžืจื™ืจ 100 ื’ืจ' ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื’'ื ื“ื•ื™ื” (ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื—ืœื‘) 200 ื’ืจ' ื—ืžืื” 4 ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืงื•ืจื˜ ืžืœื— (ืงื•ืจื˜ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืชืคืกืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืœืื’ื•ื“ืœ) 150 ื’ืจ' ืกื•ื›ืจ (ืื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ) 200 ื’ืจ' ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืœื•ื– ืงืœื•ื™ื™ื 30 ื’ืจ' ืงืงืื• ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ืœืฆื™ืคื•ื™: 200 ื’ืจ' ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื’'ื ื“ื•ื™ื” (ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื—ืœื‘ ืื• ืžืจื™ืจ) 200 ืž"ืœ ืฉืžื ืช ืžืชื•ืงื” 50 ื’ืจ' ื—ืžืื” ื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? 1. ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืชื ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™-ื ืžื•ืš 165 ืžืขืœื•ืช. ืžืฉืžื ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ 22 ืื• 24 ืก"ืž. 2. ืžืงืฆื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื (ืฉืœืžื•ืช) ืขื ืงื•ืจื˜ ืžืœื—, ื›ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืงืฆืฃ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงืฆื™ืฃ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืชืคื•ื—ื” ืžืื•ื“, ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืกืžื™ื›ื” ืžืื•ื“. ื–ื” ื™ื™ืงื— ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช, ืžืชืื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช. 3. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืžืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืœืกื™ื ืฉืœ 30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืืช ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืขื ื”ื—ืžืื”, ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ื—ืœืงื”. 4. ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื”ืžื•ืžืก ืœืงืขืจื” ืขื ืงืฆืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืžืงืคืœื™ื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช. 5. ืžืฉืคืฉืคื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืœื•ื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ื“ืงื™ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื. 6.ื‘ืงืขืจื™ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืœื•ื– ืขื ื”ืงืงืื•, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืงืขืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืงื™ืคื•ืœ ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื. 7. ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืœืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืžื ืช. ืื•ืคื™ื 40-45 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืงืข ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื˜ื˜ ืžืขื˜. ืžืฆื ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื”. ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื™ืฉืงืข ืžืขื˜ (ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื™ืŸ ืงืžื— ืฉื™ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื•ืจืงืฆื™ื”) ื•ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื›ืืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™. 8. ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™: ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืœ ืžืžื™ืกื™ื ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืขื ืฉืžื ืช ื‘ืคื•ืœืกื™ื ืฉืœ 30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช. ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืžืื” ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื›ืš ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜, ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื“ ืฉืชื™ื˜ืžืข ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“. ืžืฆื ื ื™ื ืžืขื˜ (ืœื˜ืžืค' ื”ื—ื“ืจ, ืœื ื‘ืžืงืจืจ!) 9. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื”ืฆื˜ื ื ื” (ืœื˜ืžืค' ื”ื—ื“ืจ) ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืฉืงืข ืžืขื˜. 10. ืžืขื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืœื•ื– ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื’ืก ืื• ื‘ืจืืก, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืคืจื—ื™ ืžืื›ืœ. 11. ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจืจ, ืืš ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ. ืื—ื—ื—.... ืื™ื–ื• ืขื•ื’ื” ื ืคืœืื”. ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื: ืžืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ 24 ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• 24 ืžื ื•ืช. ืื™ืš ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืœ-24 ืžื ื•ืช? ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜: ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ืœืจื‘ืข, ื›ืœ ืจื‘ืข ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฆื™, ื›ืœ ื—ืฆื™ ื›ื–ื” (ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื”) ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœ-3, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง 24 ืžื ื•ืช. ืžื ื” = 290 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช, 22.1 ื’ืจ' ืฉื•ืžืŸ, 3.8 ื’ืจ' ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื, 19.4 ื’ืจ' ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, 72.9 ืž"ื’ ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, 0.3 ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืกื•ื›ืจ ื ื˜ื•ืœ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืชื—ืกื›ื• 26 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžื ื”.

  • ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ ืขื ืฉืžื ืช ื•ืกืœืžื•ืŸ

    ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืขืคื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืขื ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืกืชื‘ืจ ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืœื™ื ื™ - ื–ื” ืœื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™, ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ืœื™ื ืฆ'ืก ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ ื“ืงื™ืง ืžืืฉืจ ืœืœื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืชืคื•ื—ื” ื•ืฉืžื ืžื ื” ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” (ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืžืฉ ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”) - ื‘ืœื™ื ื™. ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืืฆืžื“ ืœืžื•ื ื— ื”ืฉื’ื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœืคื ืงื™ื™ืง/ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ืคืœื ื”ื–ื” - ื‘ืœื™ื ื™, ื•ื‘ื ื™ืžื” ืžืคื•ื™ื™ืกืช - ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ื ื™. ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื (ื’ื ื‘ื’ืจืกืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช) ืขื ืฉืžื ืช, ืกืœืžื•ืŸ ื•ืงื•ื•ื™ืืจ, ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื ืคืœื - ื’ื ื‘ืžืจืื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ื˜ืขื. ืฆืœื—ืช ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืœื›ืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืื ืฆ' ืื• ืืจื•ื—ื” ื—ืœื‘ื™ืช, ืœื ืจืง ืœืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืœื”ื›ื ื”. ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืกื•ืช. ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ ืขื ืฉืžื ืช ื•ืกืœืžื•ืŸ ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ืจืš? (ื›-16 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช) 3 ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื 3 ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื L 140 ื’ืจ' (1 ื›ื•ืก) ืงืžื— ืชื•ืคื— (ืื• ืงืžื— ืจื’ื™ืœ + 5 ื’ืจ' (1/2 ืฉืงื™ืช = 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ื ื“ื™ื‘ื”) ืื‘ืงืช ืืคื™ื”) 1/4-1/2 ื›ื•ืก ืฉืžื ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ (9% ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜) 1/2 ื›ืคื™ืช ืžืœื— 1/4 ื›ืคื™ืช ืคืœืคืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ืœื”ื’ืฉื”: 200 ื’ืจ' ืกืœืžื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืฉืŸ 1 ื’ื‘ื™ืข ืฉืžื ืช ื—ืžื•ืฆื” (ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœืงื ื•ืช 2 ื’ื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืœื™ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ) 1 ืฆื ืฆื ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืงื•ื•ื™ืืจ (ืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื”) ืขืœืขืœื™ ืฉืžื™ืจ ื•ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? 1. ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืขื“ ืœืจื™ื›ื•ืš, ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ืขื›ื™ื ืœืคื™ืจื”. 2. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื”. ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ืขื™ืกื” ืกืžื™ื›ื”, ืื ื”ื™ื ืกืžื™ื›ื” ืžื“ื™ (ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืฆืง ื ื•ื–ืœื™) ืžื•ืกื™ืื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช ืฉืžื ืช ืื• ื—ืœื‘. 3. ืžื˜ื’ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžื ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ 6-7 ืก"ืž (ืื ื™ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืช ืฉืงืขื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžื—ื‘ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ). ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจืจ ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื” ืกื’ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ (ืœื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื ืฆืžื“) 4. ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื”: ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ื’ืฉื”. ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื” 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ืฉืžื ืช ื—ืžื•ืฆื”. 5. ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืœืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื•ืฉืŸ ืœืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช, ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ืจืฆื•ืขื” ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ืช ืคืจื— ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื ืช. 6. ืžืงืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืงื•ื•ื™ืืจ ื•ืขืœืขืœื™ ืฉืžื™ืจ. 7. ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™, ื•ืขื ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“. ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื (ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื™ 16 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช) ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” = 115 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช, 4.5 ื’ืจ' ืฉื•ืžืŸ, 6.2 ื’ืจ' ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, 12.7ื’ืจ' ืคื—ืžื™ืžื”, 55.2 ืž,ื’ ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, 0.2 ื’ืจ' ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื

  • ืคืฉื˜ื™ื“ืช ืชืจื“ ื•ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜ (ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช)

    5 ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื’ื”, ื›ืืœื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช (ื˜ื•ื‘, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืชืจื“...), 5 ื“ืงื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, 40 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืจ (ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ื’ื ืกืœื˜ ื•ื’ื ืžืงืœื—ืช...), ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืคืฉื˜ื™ื“ื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืืžืฆืข ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื• ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ืืช ื”ืชืจื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืจืง ืื—ืจ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื - ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™ ืžืคื•ืจืงื™ื ืœืคืจื—ื™ื ื•ื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืจืืฉ, ืงื™ืฉื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจืจ, ื—ืฆื™ืœื™ื ืงืœื•ื™ื™ื (ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฆื ืฆื ืช), ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื˜ื” (ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื• ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื˜ื” ืขื˜ื•ืคื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื ืฆืžื“ ืขื“ ืœืจื™ื›ื•ืš ื•ืื– ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช), ื•ื›ื™ื“ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื’ื ื‘ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื ืฉืืจื™ื ืขื ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300 ื’ืจ' ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจืจื•ืช. ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื’ื‘ื™ืข ืงื•ื˜ื’' ืžื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงืจืจ (ืื• ื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช) - ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืฆืจืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื ื•ืกืคืช (ืขื“ ื—ืฆื™ ื’ื‘ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื). ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื’ื‘ื™ืข ืฉืžื ืช ื—ืžื•ืฆื”. ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื–ื•ื ืชื, ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ืžื•ืช ื ืื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืœื ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ! ืคืฉื˜ื™ื“ืช ืชืจื“ ื•ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜ (ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืœื ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช) ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ืจืš? 1 ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” (200 ื’ืจ') ืชืจื“ ื˜ืจื™ (ืื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืจื“ ืงืคื•ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื”ืคืฉื™ืจ ืžืจืืฉ, ืœืกื ืŸ ื•ืœืกื—ื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘) 4 ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื 1 ื’ื‘ื™ืข ืงื˜ืŸ (150 ืž"ืœ) ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜ 3% 150 ื’ืจ' ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฆืคืชื™ืช 5% ืžื’ื•ืจืจืช 150 ื’ืจ' ื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™ืช 5% ืžื’ื•ืจืจืช 2 ืฉื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ื ื›ืชื•ืฉ ืžืœื—, ืคืœืคืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ืื’ื•ื– ืžื•ืกืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ืžืคืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืจื“ ืžื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœืงืขืจื” ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืœ (ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ื™ื‘ืฉ, ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ื‘ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื“). ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืขืจื” ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืœ ืœ-5 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื, ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืงืจื™ื (ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฆื‘ืข ื™ืจื•ืง ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื“). ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœืžืกื ื ืช, ื•ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ื ืŸ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ. ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืชื ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ 180 ืžืขืœื•ืช. ืžืฉืžื ื™ื ืงืœื•ืช ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 15 * 25 ืก"ืž ื‘ืขืจืš. ื‘ืงืขืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜ ื•ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื”ื›ืชื•ืฉ, ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืชืจื“ ื”ืชืงืจืจ ืžืขื˜. ืกื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืชื™ืฉืืจ ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืœื ืœื”ื™ื‘ื”ืœ. ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœืงืจืฉ ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื•ืงื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื’ืก. ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื“ ื”ืงืฆื•ืฅ ืœืงืขืจื” ืขื ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื (ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžืœื—, ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื—ื•ืช), ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื™ื“ ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ื•ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ (ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืืคื™ื™ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™...) ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืœืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืžื ืช, ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืชื ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื ื•ืื•ืคื™ื ื›-40 ื“ืงื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืคื ื™ ื”ืžืืคื” ืžื–ื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ื™ืฆื‘. ืžืฆื ื ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ื•ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืช: ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืœ-6 ืžื ื•ืช. ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ืช ืžื ื•ืช - ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ื™ื“ื” ืœ-15 ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื. ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ืื• ื‘ื˜ืžืค' ื”ื—ื“ืจ. ืœื”ื’ืฉื” ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช - ืืคืฉืจ ืœืืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืงืขื™ื (12 ืื• 15 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช) ืฉืžืฉืžื ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืจืืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื ื–'ื˜ื™ื, ื”ื ืกืชื ื™ื™ื“ื‘ืงื• ืœืคืฉื˜ื™ื“ื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืžื ื–'ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืืคื™ื™ื”, ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฆืœื—. ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื: ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœ-6 ืžื ื•ืช, ืžื ื” = 138 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช, 7 ื’ืจ' ืฉื•ืžืŸ, 15.4 ื’ืจ' ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, 3.2 ื’ืจ' ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, 162.4 ืž"ื’ ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, 0.8 ื’ืจ' ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื. ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœ-15 ืžื ื•ืช, ืžื ื” = 55 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช,2.8 ื’ืจ' ืฉื•ืžืŸ, 6.2 ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, 1.3 ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, 64.9 ืž"ื’ ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, 0.3 ื’ืจ' ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื.

  • ื’ืกืคืืฆ'ื• ืกื’ื•ืœ

    ื”ื’ืกืคืืฆ'ื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื”ื•ื ืžืจืง ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืจ ืžื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื‘ืจืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ, ืžืจืขื ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื™ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกืคืจื“ ืื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ... ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื’ืกืคืืฆ'ื• - ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื (ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืงืฆืช) ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจืฉื˜, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ืฉ ืงืจ ื•ืžืจืขื ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื’ืกืคืืฆ'ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืกื’ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคื ื˜, ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืืœื™ื•. ื•ืžื” ืขื•ื“? ื–ื• ืžื ื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ืœื“ื™ืื˜ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’ื ื’ืจืกื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช. ืจืง ืื•ืžืจืช. ืื– ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ืกืคืืฆ'ื• ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจืคืชืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืกืคืืฆ'ื• ื”ืกื’ื•ืœ. ื’ืกืคืืฆ'ื• ืกื’ื•ืœ ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ืจืš? 1 ื›ืฃ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช 1 ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืื“ื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ (600 ื’ืจ' ื‘ืขืจืš) 1 ืชืคื•ื— ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ 1 ืกืœืง ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ 2-3 ืฉื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ื 1 ื›ืฃ ื’ื™'ื ื’'ืจ ืงืฆื•ืฅ 3.5 ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฆื™ืจ ื™ืจืงื•ืช 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืœื— 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื” ืคืœืคืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ 2 ื›ืคื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื purple magic ืฉืœ FAT PAPA (ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื“ืจื’ืช). ืžื™ืฅ ืžื—ืฆื™ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ 1/2 ื›ื•ืก ืฉืžื ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ (ืื• ื—ืœื‘ ืฆืžื—ื™ ืžื›ื•ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ืจืกื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช) ืœื”ื’ืฉื”: 2-3 ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื“ืงื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืกื’ื•ืœ 1-2 ื›ืคื•ืช ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืกืœืง ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื•ืช 1 ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืกืœืจื™ (ืœืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื) ืคืจื•ืก ื“ืง ืžืื•ื“ 1 ื‘ืฆืœ ื™ืจื•ืง (ืื• ืขื™ืจื™ืช) ืงืฆื•ืฅ ื“ืง ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืคืจื•ืกื” ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืขื™ื–ื™ื - ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™, ืื•ืœื™ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืคื•ืจืจ ืžืขื˜ ืจื•ืงืคื•ืจ. ืื‘ื“ื•ืง ื•ืืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ื‘ืกื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื–ื™ืช. ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืœืจื‘ืขื™ื, ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ืžื”ืœื™ื‘ื”, ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ืจื‘ืข ืœ-3 ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืจ. ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ - ืคื•ืจืกื™ื ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 2-3 ื›ืคื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื’ืฉื”. ืงื•ืœืคื™ื ืืช ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืกื™ืจ ื•ืžืงืคื™ืฆื™ื ืžืขื˜. ืงื•ืœืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืœืง, ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืกื™ืจ ื•ืžืงืคื™ืฆื™ื ืžืขื˜. ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืคืจื•ืกื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ืกืœืง (ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ) ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืฃ ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื’ืฉื”. ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื›ืš ื•ืœืื‘ื“ ื ืคื—. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื, ื”ื’'ื™ื ื’'ืจ, ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื. ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืจืชื™ื—ื” ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืขื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืจื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืžื™ืฅ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ. ื˜ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืœื ื“ืจ ืžื•ื˜ ื—ื–ืง ืขื“ ืœืžืจืงื ื—ืœืง ื•ืงื˜ื™ืคืชื™. ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ื•ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžื ืช, ื˜ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื˜, ื•ื–ื”ื•. ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืกื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื• ืงืขืจืช ื”ื’ืฉื” ื•ืœืžืงืจืจ ืœืฆื™ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™. ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืงืจ ืขื ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื“ืงื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืื“ื•ื, ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืœืง, ืžืงืœ ืกืœืจื™ ืื—ื“ ืคืจื•ืก ื“ืง ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืฆืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ืื• ืขื™ืจื™ืช ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื“ืง. ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื: ืžื ื” (200 ื’ืจ' ) = 68.1 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช, 3.2 ื’ืจ' ืฉื•ืžืŸ, 1.8 ื’ืจ' ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, 8.2 ื’ืจ' ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, 7.5 ื’ืจ' ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, 2.1 ื’ืจ' ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื.

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